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William F. Knowland
William Fife Knowland (June 26, 1908 – February 23, 1974) was an American politician, newspaper publisher, and Republican Party leader. He was a U.S. Senator representing California from 1945–1959. He served as Senate Majority Leader from August, 1953 to January, 1955 after the death of Robert A. Taft. As the most powerful member of the Senate and with his strong interest in foreign policy, Knowland helped set national foreign policy priorities and funding for the Cold War, the policy regarding Vietnam, Formosa, China, Korea and (NATO ), and other foreign-policy objectives. He opposed sending American forces to French Indochina (Vietnam) and was a sharp critic of communist China under Mao Zedong. Knowland represented the right wing of the GOP and considered some of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policies too moderate.〔Gayle B. Montgomery, and James W. Johnson, ''One Step from the White House: The Rise and Fall of Senator William F. Knowland'' (1998) pp 166-80〕
After the GOP lost its majority in the 1954 election, he served as Minority Leader from 1955–1959. He was defeated in his 1958 run for California Governor. He succeeded his father, Joseph R. Knowland, as the editor in chief and publisher of the ''Oakland Tribune''.
== Background ==
William F. "Bill" Knowland was born in the City of Alameda, Alameda County, California. His father, Joseph R. Knowland, was serving his third term as a U.S. Representative. He was the third child, with an older sister, Elinor (1895–1978), and a brother, Joseph Russell "Russ" Knowland, Jr. (1901–1961). His grandfather, Joseph Knowland (1833–1912), had made the family fortune in the lumber business. His mother, Elinor Fife Knowland, died on July 20, 1908, less than a month after his birth. His father's second wife, Emelyn S. West, raised Knowland as her own son.
A young Knowland made campaign speeches for the 1920 Republican National ticket of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge at the age of 12, married at 19, became a California State Assemblyman at 25, entered the United States Senate at 37, and became a grandfather at 41.
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